Variable vacuum and pressure rotary pump



May 26, 1953 w. 'r. DANIELS 2,639,855

VARIABLE VACUUM AND'PRESSURE ROTARY PUMP Filed Feb. a, 1948 s Shets-Sheet 1 mmvron 3 WZ DQJZZEZS.

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May 26, 1953 w; T. DANIELS 2,339,855

' VARIABLE VACUUM AND PRESSURE ROTARY PUMP Filed Feb. 6, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

Z7 WK Daniels- A? 'BY 6 4 Z9 W 1122 May 26, 1953 3 Sheets-$11601: 3

Filed Febv 6, 1948 m M 7 5 .9 u 1 M m MN 7 a Q ,2 a J u 9 l n a i M T fl m m o .u .w 3 W. I Q 1, 4 x a w v a .w 5 v m o -L M a m m M 4 mm m m M M m 4 5 X 3 m \J 7 5 g M x x mm m m m g f Patented May 26, 1953 OFFICE ROTARY PUMP VARIABLE VACUUM AN D PRESSURE William T. Daniels, Pittsburgh, Pa. Application February 6, 1948, Serial No.6,603

1- This invention relates to a novel construction of vacuum pump having means whereby the vacuum and pressure of the pump may be varied at the will of the user to afford a pump capable of operating under a number of conditions such as to produce a relatively high pressure at the outlet of the pump with a medium vacuum pull at the inlet side thereof; a very high pressure with a very strong vacuum; two stages of vacuum, with a constant pressure or two different pressures with a constant vacuum,

More particularly, the present invention aims to provide an improved construction of pump utilizing three ports in lieu of the two ports normally provided for vacuum pumps and having a novel manifold structure associated with each of said ports to facilitate the intake and exhaust of the pumped medium.'

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel construction of pump enabling the ready assembly and disassembly thereof and permitting the replacement of the wearing surfaces of the pump without requiring replacement or reboring of the pump'casing and which "can be accomplished without special skill to produce a substantially rebuilt pump. i

A further object of the invention is to provide a rotary-type vacuum pump having-the rotor located adjacent the bottom thereof to reduce the wear on the moving parts.

Another object of the invention-is to provide an improved construction of rotor wherein the weakening of the rotor body by the provision of the rotor blade-slots, will be reduced to a minimumhuv. ,5

Still afurther v object of the-invention is to provide a rotary pump havinga lubricating system fed from a common-inlet for lubricating all moving parts of the pump, v

Variousot her objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter become more fully apparent from the following description of the drawings, illustrating presently preferred embodiments thereof, and wherein:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of one embodiment of the pump;

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view thereof taken substantially along a plane as indicated by the line 22 "of Figure 3;

Figure 3 is an enlargedtrans'verse vertical sectional view taken substantially along a plane as indicated by the line 3 '--'3' of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the pump taken as indicated by, the

substantially along a plane line 4-4 of Figure 2;

5 Claims. (Cl. 230-47) Figure 5 is a fragmentary plan view of a, portion of the innercylinder or liner of the pump, shown removed; 1

. Figure 6 is a radial sectional-view taken sub stantially along a planeas indicated by the line G-'-6'-of Figure 1 and on an enlarged scale;

Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 4 and illustrating a modification of the pump, and

Figure 8 is a view similarv to Figure 1 illustrating another modificationof the pump.

Referring more specifically to the drawings,

includes a pump housing, designated generally l1} having a cylindrical outer wall [2 which is formed} integral with or suitably secured to a supporting base l3, the bottom portion of which is adapted to be secured to any suitable supporting surface for mounting the pump in an upright position as illustrated in'the drawings. The cylindrical wall I2 is provided with circumferentially'spaced ports [4, l5 and 16 each of which includes'an outwardly projecting internally threaded'nipple l1. The'housing II also includes end walls IB-and I!) which are detachably secured to the'cylindrical wall :l2,'in a manner hereinafter tobe described'and'which close the open ends of "said cylindrical wall.

Thepump housing II also includes a detachablesinner cylinder or liner,-designated generally 20 which fits snugly within the cylinder 12 and;

which is-provided with circumferentially spaced manifold passages 2!, one of which is adapted to register with each oftheports I4, l5 and i6. The-manifold passages 2 I, as best seen in Figure 5, each includes a recess 22 which is formed in the exterior. .of the liner 20 .and which extends transversely thereofto adjacent the side edges of saidliner, and a plurality ofradially extendin D0rts,,23 which are spaced longitudinally of the liner relatively to the cylinder l2 and with the manifold passages 2| thereof in proper registry. with the ports I4; I 5 and l ii.v

end walls [8 and I9 and into tapped recesses 29 As best A plurality of screw fastenings 2! extend through unthreaded openings 28 in, each of the which open outwardly of the side edges of the liner 20, as best seen in Figure 6, for detachably securing said end walls to the liner and for thereby securing the end walls to the cylinder l2 through connection of the liner 2!] and cylinder l2 by setscrew 25.

As best seen in Figure 3, the end walls I8 and I!) are provided with downwardly offset outwardly projecting" bosses 30 and 3|, respectively,which' are deposited in alignment for journaling a shaft 32 which is fixed to a rotor 33 which is thereby disposed eccentrically Within the housing II and the liner 20 adjacent the bottom of the housing H, as best seen in Figure 2. The bosses 3Iland 3| are provided with bushings 34 and 35I1'espectively, in which the shaft 32-" is 'iournaled-and 4 rotors having vane slots disposed in a conventional manner.

The vanes or blades 40 are urged outwardly by centrifugal force and as said blades and the slots are disposed parallel to tangents of the rotor the eiTect of centrifugal force thereon will not be as great as if said blades were disposed more nearly radial of the rotor and which is desirable in ordeftopreveht excessive wear on the outer edges of the vanes and on the inner wall of the liner 20, due to the fact that the rotor 33 is adapted to revolve at a high speed within the so that said rotor contacts the inner surface-oi range of 1,000 .to.1',800 R. P. M.

"-".Accordingly, this disposition of the slots and vanes. be. varied depending upon the speed of rotation of the rotor and for pumps having rotorsbperating at a slower speed the vanes one end of said shaft terminates in theboss 31],

spaced from the outer end thereof which is sealed by a, closure or plug 36. The shaft 32 projects outwardly from the boss 3! and is adapted to be connected to suitable driving means, not" shown, for revolving the rotor 33 within: the pump housing H, Said boss '31 "is recessed to accommodate an anti-friction ball bearing unit- 31 and outwardly thereof and spaced. therefrom is provided with a removable seal 38 through which the .shaft32 rotatively extends.

As best seen in Figures 2 nd i. the rotor g isprovided with four corresponding blade slots 39 each of which has an outer end opening into he p phery of the rotor 33 and an inner-cud. terminating in spaced relationship to me ate-.5

mediate portion of anothen-adjacently disposed slot 39am which -is disposed substantiallyata right-angle thereto so that the-innerportionsot; theslots 39 are each disposed substantially at-- right angles to the two otherslots -lccated-adia-- cent thereto and substantially parallel to'--theremaining slot 39. The inner endsof slots -39 are each defined by correspondingoutwardlyiim' clined surfaces as best seen in Figure 4'to increase the solid portion of the rotor-between said slots."-

The slots 39 extend from side to side of'th'e rotor 33 and are each adapted'to slidablyreceive'a blade 40 having a recessed inner ed e '41 which fits flush against the inclined inner end or bed" of its slot 39 for substantiallyfillingthe slot when the blade 40 is disposed therein. I

Figure '7 illustrates a slightly modified form? of the rotor vane, designated generally}? andf the rotor 53a thereof is shown provided with.

beds to receive the straight inner ends ot the, vanes 42. The rotor 33a has. two screw fasten: set? x ndin -t rough ea h lotfic here nd each f w i ca rie a p ing washer. .59 he s en s 3 a t eir suidewashers 44'.

extend through parallel slots 42 which extend" from the inner edge ofeach blade 42 and said fastenings 43 are threaded into the roto 33cm prevent spreading of the rotor bodyadjacent. the 5 slots 42a. The Sp cing washers 44 prevent, the slots 39a being restricted b the fastenings .43 .to prevent binding ofthe vanes therein. .A in cone; nection with the rotor slots 39, the slots 39av are adapted to be disposed substantially parallel to-io,

ing of the rotor body as frequently gmcursWith-3%,

in a retracted position-j vane slots 39a whichare straight across itheirl conduit 57 provided with-a conventional manuwould be disposed more nearly radially thereof.

'As best seen in Figure 3, the housing wall 18 is provided with a lubricating passage 46 which opens into a: channel or groove 41 of the bushing 3.4 andwhicli provides a passage for a, lubricant, n jt shown, into the space between the closure 36 anjdithe adjacent end of the shaft 32 and which is defined by ajportion of the hereof the boss 30.

The shaft 32 is provided with a longitudinal pas sage i8v communicating with said aforementioned en'd ..and having an opposite end extending to beyond'the.portion thereof which is journaled in the bearing 31. and which in turn communicates withthe radial passages 49 of the shaft 32 and whichopens .intothe bore of. the boss 3|;

between the anti-friction unit 3'! and the seal 38 and. by} means of which said bearing 31 is.

lubricated and through which the lubricant passes-to a groove 50 in the interior of the bushing 35 and which has a port 5| communicating withsaid groove and with a passage'52 formed in-"theend wall'wand which opens at its opposite :end-into the rotor chamber of the housing for lubricating: the rotor. As best seen in Figures 2 ai'id- 3; the-shaft 32 is provided with a radialpassage'53 which communicates at its inner end with the passage 48 and which opens at its outer end into an annularrecess 54 of the rotor 33 and which "in combination with the shaft 32 defines a lubricating'chamber having passages 55 extendirig radially therefrom and opening into the slots" 39, The passages 55 are formed by drilling alternate passages through from the periphery of the rotor to f orinthe two opposed passages 55 and said passages. which are. drilled from its periphery ate preferably sealed by plugs or inserts 56.

seen in Figure 1, the port 14 is shown located substantially midway of the top and bottom or. the housing H and the port I6 is shown disposed on the other side of the vertical center thereof but. adjacent thebottom of said housing. The intermediate port I5 is shown located adjacent the top of the housing but to the side thereof, relatively to-the vertical center of the housing,

in which is located the port I6. In Figure 1 the I nippleof theport-I5 'is shown connected to a ally controlled shutoff valve 58 and it will be readilywobvious-that the nipple ll of the ports M and I6 could likewise be connected to like I pressed airand that the inlet port 141s open to the atmosphere and the port I5 is closed by the valve .58 when the rotor 33 is revolved bysuitable driv ing means, not shown, counterclockwise as seen in Figure 2 or as indicated by the arrow 59, each of the vanes or blades 40 as rotor 33 moves out of contact with the inner wall of the liner 28, adjacent the bottom thereof, will begin to pull a vacuum in the space between the rotor and liner and behind said vane until the vane passes the manifold 2| of the inlet port [4 at which time the air will be drawn into this increasing space and will continue to enter said space until the next vane in a trailing position, with respect to said aforementioned vane, passes the inlet port I4. Likewise, after each vane MI passes the inlet port M and approaches the port 55 it will begin to compress the air located in the chamber in advance thereof or between said vane and the next vane spaced therefrom in a counterclockwise direction as seen in Figure 2, and this chamber is diminished for compressing the air until it is of the size of the space asseen between the outlet port manifold and the vane 46 which is disposed adjacent thereto and in a direction approaching said manifold. As this space comes into communication with the manifold 2| of the outlet port I6 the compressed air is released therefrom through said outlet port it. The previously described operation is substantially conventional in rotary type air compressors and the amount of air compressed is limited by the amount of vacuum created in the initial stage of movement of the vane toward the inlet port and in the subsequent stage of movement of the vane beyond said inlet port and before the next trailing vane passes the inlet port together with the quantity of air which can enter the vacuum chamber while it is in registration with the inlet port. With the rotary pump or compressor Hi disclosed in Figures 1 to 6 and as previously described, the amount of the medium compressed may be increased and accordingly the extent to which the pumped medium is compressed increased by opening the intermediate port 15. When the port I is open or partially open a vane 40 will draw air into the space behind it from the inlet port l4 and will continue to draw air after passing the intermediate port [5 from said port and until the next trailing vane has passed said intermediate port i5 thereby increasing the volume of air in each of the chambers between adjacent vanes 4|] and accordingly the volume and pressure of the air released from the outlet port l6. Due to the eccentric disposition of the axis of the rotor 33 relatively to the axis of the casing H, the size of each chamber continues to increase until the leading vane 40 there-' of is a considerable distance beyond the port 15. Since the trailing vane of each chamber passes the port l4 before the leading vane thereof passes the port I5, and since the rotor is revolving so fast that neither port can completely relieve the vacuum as rapidly as it is created, a vacuum will still exist in each chamber after it has begun to diminish in size so that air will still be drawn into each chamber through port l5 until its trailing vane passes said port. To insure this, the valve 58 can be adjusted to regulate the amount of air admitted to the casing through port 15 in a given time and at any given vacuum. It will be readily apparent that the lubricating system, previously described, will maintain all moving parts of the pump ID properly lubricated.

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure l illustrating a slightly modified form of the pump desig nated generally Illa and differing from the pump In in that the intermediate port I5a is located liia only a slight vacuum chamber will be formed by each vane between the time that it passes the outlet [6a and the time that it passes the inlet port [4a. Thereafter said vane will continue to draw a vacuum for drawing air through the inlet port Ma until the next trailing vane has passed the port Ma. Subsequently thereto and assuming that the intermediate port [5a is open, the aforementioned vane 40- will draw a vacuum in the space behind it for drawing air into said space from the port l5a after passing said port and until the next trailing vane passes said port to thereby provide a greatly increased amount of compressed air between adjacent varies and which is compressed'to a great degree before being discharged from the'outlet port lfia.

Accordingly, from the foregoing it will be seen that when the intermediate port is closed the amount of air which is admitted through the inlet port will be limited and accordingly a relatively low pressure will exist at the outlet port. With the intermediate port open a high vacuum is created at the inlet port together with a full volume and high pressure at the outlet port, or the highest vacuum can be obtained with the port l4 closed and port 15 open.

As previously noted, the rotor 33 is eccentrically mounted so as to contact the liner 20 adjacent the bottom of the housing II to thereby reduce wear on the periphery of the rotor and on said liner and as previously described, the rotor and liner may be quickly and easily removed and re placed without requiring re-boring of the pump housing and without requiring the services of a specially skilled worker or the use of special equipment thereby producing a pump which can be maintained in good working order and for efficient operation for an indefinite period of time and at a minimum of maintenance cost.

Various modifications and changes are contemplated and may obviously be resorted to, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as hereinafter defined by the an pended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. A rotary pump comprising a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port disposed in the periphery thereof, a driven rotor rotatably mounted eccentrically within the housing chamber and having a plurality of vanes reciprocally disposed in the body thereof for contact with the end walls and periphery of said housing, said housing including a removable liner forming an interior section of the periphery thereof, said liner being provided with manifold ports communicating with the inlet and outlet ports and with said housing chamber, said manifold ports each including a groove formed in the exterior of said liner and extending transversely thereof and a pluralityoof spaced ports communicating with said groove and with the housing chamber and formed in said liner in transversely spaced relationship to one another, the length of each groove, transversely of the liner, being substantially greater than the width of the groove,'circumferentially of the liner.

2. A rotary pump comprising a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port disposed in the periphery thereof, a driven rotor rotatably mounted eccentrically within the housing chamber and having a plurality of equally spaced vanes hfir o h an d c n a d Qu let my? and; wr

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WEIAM T- B A 9% References, emu, in the, file o1.- ighis patent mshi Q 2 16; 2, 

